English dictionary of medical terms (23)

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No:440 - cystitis: inflammation of the urinary bladder.
No:441 - cystoscopy: direct visual examination of the urinary tract with a cystoscope.
No:442 - cytochrome: (cyto- + Gr. chroma colour) any electron transfer hemoprotein having a mode of action in which the transfer of a single electron is effected by a reversible valence change of the central iron atom of the heme prosthetic group between the +2 and +3 oxidation states; classified as cytochromes a in which the heme contains a formyl side chain, cytochromes b, which contain protoheme or a closely similar heme that is not covalently bound to the protein, cytochromes c in which protoheme or other heme is covalently bound to the protein, and cytochromes d in which the iron-tetrapyrrole has fewer conjugated double bonds than the hemes have. Well-known cytochromes have been numbered consecutively within groups and are designated by subscripts (beginning with no subscript), e.g. cytochromes c, c1, C2, ... New cytochromes are named according to the wavelength in nanometres of the absorption maximum of the a-band of the iron (II) form in pyridine, e.g., c-555.
No:443 - cytoplasm: (cyto- + Gr. plasma plasm) the protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that of the nucleus; it consists of a continuous aqueous solution (cytosol) and the organelles and inclusions suspended in it (phaneroplasm), and is the site of most of the chemical activities of the cell.
No:444 - cytostatic: (cyto- + Gr. statikos bringing to a stand-still) an agent that suppresses cell growth and multiplication.
No:445 - cytotoxic: pertaining to or exhibiting cytotoxicity.
No:446 - decompensation: failure of compensation; cardiac decompensation is marked by dyspnea, venous engorgement, and edema.
No:447 - decongestant: an agent that reduces congestion or swelling.
No:448 - decorum: propriety and good taste especially in conduct, manners, or appearance.
No:449 - decubitus: (L. 'a lying down') an act of lying down; also the position assumed in lying down.
No:450 - defaecation: the act or process of defecating, discharge of feces.
No:451 - defibrillation: the act to arrest the fibrillation of (heart muscle) by applying electric shock across the chest, thus depolarizing the heart cells and allowing normal rhythm to return.
No:452 - deficiency: a lack or defect.
No:453 - deficit: a lack or deficiency.
No:454 - degenerative: undergoing degeneration : tending to degenerate; having the character of or involving degeneration; causing or tending to cause degeneration.
No:455 - degradation: the reduction of a chemical compound to one less complex, as by splitting off one or more groups.
No:456 - dehydration: (L. de away + Gr. hydor water) the condition that results from excessive loss of body water. Called also anhydration, deaquation and hypohydration.
No:457 - delirium: (de- + L. lira furrow or track; i.e., 'off the track') (DSM III-R) an acute, reversible organic mental disorder characterized by reduced ability to maintain attention to external stimuli and disorganized thinking as manifested by rambling, irrelevant, or incoherent speech; there are also a reduced level of consciousness, sensory misperceptions, disturbance of the sleep-wakefulness cycle and level of psychomotor activity, disorientation to time, place, or person, and memory impairment. Delirium may be caused by a large number of conditions resulting in derangement of cerebral metabolism, including systemic infection, poisoning, drug intoxication or withdrawal, seizures or head trauma, and metabolic disturbances such as hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, fluid, electrolyte, or acid-base imbalances, or hepatic or renal failure. Called also acute confusional state and acute brain syndrome.
No:458 - dementia: (de- + L. mens mind) (DSM III) an organic mental disorder characterized by a general loss of intellectual abilities involving impairment of memory, judgment, and abstract thinking as well as changes in personality. It does not include loss of intellectual functioning caused by clouding of consciousness (as in delirium) nor that caused by depression or other functional mental disorder (pseudodementia). Dementia may be caused by a large number of conditions, some reversible and some progressive, that cause widespread cerebral and damage or dysfunction. The most common cause is Alzheimer's disease; others are cerebrovascular disease (multi-infarct dementia), central nervous system infection, brain trauma or tumours, pernicious anaemia, folic acid deficiency, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, and, neurological diseases such as Huntington's chorea, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.
No:459 - demulcent: soothing; bland; allaying the irritation of inflamed or abraded surfaces.

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